Mission, Country, Launch Date, Purpose, Results
[Unnamed], USSR, 10/10/60, Mars flyby, did not reach Earth orbit
[Unnamed], USSR, 10/14/60, Mars flyby, did not reach Earth orbit
[Unnamed], USSR, 10/24/62, Mars flyby, achieved Earth orbit only
Mars 1, USSR, 11/1/62, Mars flyby, radio failed at 106 million km (65.9 million miles)
[Unnamed], USSR, 11/4/62, Mars flyby, achieved Earth orbit only
Mariner 3, U.S., 11/5/64, Mars flyby, shroud failed to jettison
Mariner 4, U.S. 11/28/64, first successful Mars flyby 7/14/65, returned 21 photos
Zond 2, USSR, 11/30/64, Mars flyby, passed Mars but radio failed, returned no planetary data
Mariner 6, U.S., 2/24/69, Mars flyby 7/31/69, returned 75 photos
Mariner 7, U.S., 3/27/69, Mars flyby 8/5/69, returned 126 photos
Mariner 8, U.S., 5/8/71, Mars orbiter, failed during launch
Kosmos 419, USSR, 5/10/71, Mars lander, achieved Earth orbit only
Mars 2, USSR, 5/19/71, Mars orbiter/lander arrived 11/27/71, no useful data, lander burned up due to steep entry
Mars 3, USSR, 5/28/71, Mars orbiter/lander, arrived 12/3/71, lander operated on surface for 20 seconds before failing
Mariner 9, U.S., 5/30/71, Mars orbiter, in orbit 11/13/71 to 10/27/72, returned 7,329 photos
Mars 4, USSR, 7/21/73, failed Mars orbiter, flew past Mars 2/10/74
Mars 5, USSR, 7/25/73, Mars orbiter, arrived 2/12/74, lasted a few days
Mars 6, USSR, 8/5/73, Mars flyby module and lander, arrived 3/12/74, lander failed due to fast impact
Mars 7, USSR, 8/9/73, Mars flyby module and lander, arrived 3/9/74, lander missed the planet
Viking 1, U.S., 8/20/75, Mars orbiter/lander, orbit 6/19/76-1980, lander 7/20/76-1982
Viking 2, U.S., 9/9/75, Mars orbiter/lander, orbit 8/7/76-1987, lander 9/3/76-1980; combined, the Viking orbiters and landers returned 50,000+ photos
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